Essay on Cyberspace and Internet Censorship - 2282 Words

Cyberspace and Internet Censorship Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace [the Internet], the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather (Barlow 18). The Internet is a vast network of computers, both public and private, which spans the globe. Recently, there has been a movement by governments worldwide, and the United States government in particular, to remove content deemed inappropriate from the Internet. However, numerous factors such as: the abundance of less restrictive alternatives, the impossibility of applying American law and community standards to an†¦show more content†¦In 1981, fewer than 300 computers were linked to the Internet, and by 1989, the number stood at fewer than 90,000 computers. By 1993, however, over 1,000,000 computers were linked. Today, it is estimated that over 9,400,000 host computers worldwide, of which approximately 60 percent are located within the United States, are linked to the Internet. This count does not include the personal computers used by individuals to access the Internet using modems. It is estimated that the Internet reaches 57 million users at nearly 5 million computers loca ted in 90 countries (ACLU v. Reno: Plaintiffs Findings of Fact. http://www.aclu.org/issues/cyber/trial/finding.htm). Through the Internet, information, graphics, music, and computer programs relating to every topic imaginable is available, from rocket science to bomb making, from computer games to hacking programs, from famous works of art to hard-core pornography. It is to this, the most participatory form of mass speech yet developed, that censorship is proposed (ACLU Press Release - 06/12/96: ACLU LAUDS JUDGES RULING PROTECTING FREE SPEECH IN CYBERSPACE. http://www.aclu.org/news/n061296a.html). Those who fight for the censorship of the Internet plead a number of different cases. Many argue that users of the Internet must be protected from offensive material. They claim that eliminating the chance happening upon offensive content is just cause to censor the Internet. Others classify the Internet as aShow MoreRelated Internet Censorship Essay - America Needs Censorship of Cyberspace1330 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Needs Censorship of Cyberspace      Ã‚  Ã‚   In June of 1998 the country was horrified to learn of the death of James Byrd Jr. He was a 49-year-old black man who had been found horribly mutilated after being dragged to death. Authorities have charged three men with murder and violation of civil rights (A Fatal Ride in the Night 33). Obviously, if convicted, these men are guilty of a horrible crime, but what if this crime had been committed after viewing a racist website? If a personRead More Cyberspace Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesCyberhate - Hate Propaganda and Internet Censorship The Internet is an ideal medium for hate groups, such as neo-Nazis, because of the mass exposure, inexpensiveness, uncensored nature and ease of publishing offered. The Internet allows hate groups to target a broad audience: impressionable children are the most vulnerable. Attempts at censorship fail because of the international nature of the Internet, and to a lesser extent, free speech contentions. Instead, the freedom of speech exercisedRead MoreCensorship on the Internet Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship on the Internet Five years after the first world wide web was launched at the end of 1991, The Internet has become very popular in the United States. Although President Clinton already signed the 1996 Telecommunication ActI on Thursday Feb 8, 1996, the censorship issue on the net still remains unresolved. In fact, censorship in cyberspace is unconscionable and impossible. Trying to censor the Internet its problematic because the net is an international issue, there is no standard forRead MoreThe Censorship Of Internet Censorship3057 Words   |  13 Pages Internet Censorship Student’s Name: Institution Name: Internet Censorship Internet censorship refers to the suppression and control of what people can access, publish, or view on the cyberspace (Reynolds, 2014). It may be done by regimes or private firms at the command of the government. It can be a government’s initiative is or carried out by regulators. Organizations and individuals may practice self-censorship for religious, business or moral reasons to comply with societal normsRead More We Dont Need Internet Censorship Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesWe Dont Need Internet Censorship Censorship is an extremely controversial issue. There have been hundreds of thousands of essays written about whether or not censorship on the Internet is right or wrong, but so far, no precise conclusion has surfaced. Ive researched into the topic, but I havent completely sided with one or the other. There are just good reasons against censorship. This essay briefly discusses some reasons why the Internet should be censored, but will then mainly focusRead MoreCyber Libertarianism : A Declaration Of Independence1594 Words   |  7 PagesDaily millions of people interact on the internet, information is being shared across the boarders within seconds. Cyberspace has made it easier to access things for the everyday man but with kind of power at our fingertips shouldn’t it have some kind of control? Regulations that govern what can and cannot be done or used online. One would think that the same rules that apply in the real world should apply in cyberspace right? Well John Perry Barlow think differently, in February of 1996 he publishedRead MoreThe President and Internet Traffick996 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper 2: Do you think it is a good idea for the President of the United States to have the authority to limit or shutdown internet traffic to and from any compromised federal government or U.S. critical infrastructure information system or network? Why or why not? Yes and no. For the general public, I don’t think limiting the internet would be a wise idea. Our country was founded on freedom, and to infringe upon that would cause civil unrest. Frankly, the general public would assume thatRead MoreRe-Interpreting Internet Activism: A Study of Its Relationship with the Nature of State Introduction1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof protests mobilised through social networks, the Internet is coming to be seen either as a force of liberation or as the new generation’s â€Å"cyber-utopia†, creating unfounded optimism and hopes of emancipation. The former view claims that social networks play a key role in shaping debates about protests and in spreading democratic ideas around the globe (especially in the case of Arab Spring).The latter view advocates that the role of internet has been exaggerated in the narratives of these protestsRead MoreTaming Chinese Cyberspace3090 Words   |  13 PagesTaming Chinese Cyberspace -- a vision from Weibo Yicheng Zhu Reg. No. 110136970 Course: JNL 6032 Media Censorship Course leader: Dr. John Steel Abstract In this essay the recent fashion of Weibo in Chinese media is discussed, especially on the Chinese authorities and governments attitude towards it, moreover and more importantly, the way of how Weibo is being censored is explained. According to previous theories, internet cannot be regardedRead More Government Intervention On The Internet Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages Government Intervention on the Internet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the last decade, our society has become based on the sole ability to move large amounts of information across great distances quickly. Computerization has influenced everyones life in numerous ways. The natural evolution of computer technology and this need for ultra-fast communications has caused a global network of interconnected computers to develop. This global network allows a person to send E-mail across

Gender, Gender And Social Class Essay - 1543 Words

As individuals, we are all given assigned aspects that define us. Race, gender, and social class are just a few of the characteristics that make us who we are. We also choose to take on certain aspects that reflect our own interests such as careers, fashion, and fandom. When our chosen and assigned aspects come together, our own identity is formed. These parts eventually impact and affect each other with the idea of intersection. The interconnection of being a woman and belonging to a certain career cross and act on each other in ways that are mostly negative. Many women find being successful in their careers very difficult especially women who are based into a male dominated industry. The stereotyping of women is quite common in today s society and throughout history. In the past, women have taken the full time job of being a mother and a housewife. The 1930s initially started the ideal image of a woman. A woman was often represented as a maid-like being who would serve to their husband and children. In Richard Alleyne’s article, â€Å"Advice for women in the 1930s: Nothing Destroys the Happiness of Married Life More than the Lazy, Slovenly Wife,† he discusses the frequent expectations of a housewife. Common assumptions included; â€Å"Don’t argue with your husband; do whatever he tells you and obey all his orders† (1) and â€Å"Nothing destroys the happiness of married life more than the lazy, slovenly wife† (1). These rules have often been published into past newspapers that wereShow MoreRelatedRace, Gender, And Social Class991 Words   |  4 Pages Race, gender, and social class has several implications in the United States and how it shapes policy and perceptions of those who live in poverty. Current welfare systems are not perfect, and capitalistic policies do not work as intended to solve income inequalities. 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I however, am a white, Christian female whose family settles in the middle class. Being a white middle-class female gives me many advantages as well as disadvantages, and I see the world differently then the person that might be sitting next to me because of these influences. Also, these influences determine my social stratification and where I ranked as an individual. Social class, race, and gender are three influencesRead MoreSocial Class And Gender Inequality972 Words   |  4 Pageshas been and will always be a problem in our world. Not everyone can choose to have the job they want, do what they want or simply live the life they want. There is inequality in matters of race, sexual orientation, social class and gender. I know that both genders face some sort of gender inequality. While browsing through the internet, I saw four advertisements that depicted women in a sexist and discriminatory way. I chose to do my essay on these advertisements because I find them relatable. TheseRead MoreSocial Class And Gender Roles1469 Words   |  6 PagesHow are the tensions between social classes and/or genders dramatised in Modern European Drama? Social class and gender roles, were and still are today, a key element in the progression of theatre. Dada and Futurism, as movements in theatre took place at the time of the social class war, the prejudice against women and their rights and the struggle to create an equal society. The two movements, of avant-garde style contained three stage in which they were able to create; ‘analysis†¦engagement†¦forwardRead MoreGender, Ethnicity, And Social Class945 Words   |  4 Pagesfilm by most African Americans. â€Å"Passing† is referred to the capability of one to be considered as a member of social groups other than his/her own, such as race, gender, ethnicity, and social-class, with the intention of achieving social acceptance. 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In the short story, Diaz describes how a teenage boy approaches romantic relationships and characterizes the girls based on theirRead MoreThe concept of social identity, social class,gender and ethnicity.1635 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Identity is the understanding of who we are, and reciprocally, other peoples understanding of themselves. Richard Jenkins believed that this social identity is achieved through socialization within social groups. He argued that by placing themselves in the role of others, people, particularly children, gain a greater understanding of the role that they should play. For example, a six-year-old girl playing mommy with her dolls will, as she gets into the role, begin to understand what a motherRead MoreSocial Stratification : Social Class, Ethnicity, Age, And Gender1074 Words   |  5 Pages It is in the human nature to be social beings, and have a social identity. Social stratification is the organization of individuals into social groups based on their access to basic needs. Aspects that affect social stratification are wealth, power, and prestige. Wealth is the amount of currency or goods that an individual or family owns. This can include money, houses, livestock, etc. Power is the ability for one to achieve their goals regardless of opposition. Wealth is directly related toRead MoreSocial Variables Of Race, Gender, Class And Health914 Words   |  4 Pagesincorporated more areas of social life using specialized fields of inquiry (Giddens Sutton, 2010). Browne (2005) argues that sociology in simpler terms is planned and organized study of human groups and social life in modern societie s, more so concerned with social institution. Contribution of sociologist in understanding human behavior is remarkable. The aim of this paper is to explain how sociologist views the relationship between the key social variables of race, gender, class and health. 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Audit and Assurance of Billabong International Limited †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Audit of Billabong International Limited. Answer: Background of Billabong International Limited and its recent developments This study had been conducted to prepare a report based by researching on the clients business named as Billabong International Limited (Billabongbiz.com 2017). La Trobe Partners is the audit firm that had been assigned to audit for Billabong International Limited for the first time. Billabong International Limited is a surf company that initially was a clothing retailer that used to produce accessories such as watches, skateboard, backpacks as well as snowboard products under the brand names. Billabong International Limited is a public limited company that operates in retail sector and listed in Australian Stock Exchange. Billabong International Limited offer major products such as apparel and sporting goods to the customers. Billabong International Limited has 5000 staff members working for them in and across the world. Their shares are listed in Australian Stock Exchange (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). The products of Billabong International Limited are licensed and spread in more than 100 countries and available in around 10,000 doors in and across the world. Majority of revenue of Billabong International Limited is generated through wholly-owned operations in different countries. Billabong International Limited believes in promoting worldwide through relationship with high profile specialized athletes, events as well as junior athletes (Billabongbiz.com 2017). From the recent news articles that was published on 30th August 2017, it is understood that Billabong International Limited financial year revenues deals with continued operations down by 8.9% to $979.5 million (Editorial 2017). The company suffers loss that is attributable to members of continued $77.1 million versus loss of $23.7 million a year ago. Billabong International Limited expects that FY 18 will show further progress in Americas and Europe. They expect that combination of earnings will continue to be weighted towards Asia Pacific and retail in first half of 2018. Significant business and audit risks for Billabong International Limited Audit risk is the risk that the auditor of La Trobe Partners expresses to an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statement of Billabong International Limited is materially misstated. In addition, audit risk is a purpose of the risks of material misstated figures and detection risk (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). Therefore, audit risk is made of two main mechanisms such as risk of material misstatement and detection risk. Here, risk of material misstatement means the risk that arises when the financial statement of any company are misstated prior to audit. This includes two major mechanisms such as inherent risk and control risk (Billabongbiz.com 2017). There is five audit risk or business identified for the company Billabong International Limited that is mentioned below with proper justification: Inherent risk- One of the major risk faced by Billabong International Limited is the inherent risk that arises from the propensity of an declaration about a class of transactions, account balance or revelation to misstatement that could be material (Simnett, Carson and Vanstraelen 2016). Treatment of capital and revenue capital of Billabong International Limited is one of the risks that had been found from the financial statement. This risk takes place when it relates with the survival of property, plant and equipment when revenue expenditure has been capitalized rather than charged as an expense in the income statement. Upon recent trading, it was found that Billabong International Limited shares caught focus of OTC traders because the prices moved by $0.02 that touches $0.97 price point. Here, it is understood that financial statement of Billabong International Limited was misstated that need proper attention by the auditor of La Trobe Partners (Billabongbiz.com 2017). Control Risk- One of the major risk faced by Billabong International Limited is the control risk that arises from the misstatement because of an assertion about the transaction class, account balance or disclosure that could be material either individually or aggregated by the other misstatements that cannot be prevented or corrected so easily (Louwers, et al. 2015). Here, the problem is the valuation of inventory when there are significantly levels of aggregate inventory that cannot be properly managed by Billabong International Limited. Recently, Billabong International Limited received horrible news that profits had collapsed where the banks were looking threatening and the company has only two choices, either to sell assets or ask shareholders for more money. Billabong International Limited share prices are falling (Billabongbiz.com 2017). Detection risk- One of the major risk faced by Billabong International Limited is the detection risk where the risk takes place from the process that the auditor follows to reduce audit risk to an acceptably lower level (Knechel and Salterio 2016). Billabong International Limited does not have a global internal audit function but engages different professional firms to assess certain financial control environment as well as performing independent assessments of key project plans. In this case, detection risk can be reduced by the auditor by identifying the material misstated figures and presenting in the audit statement with proper measures as well. During the financial year 2016 and 2017, Billabong International Limited has continued to focus on areas that are identified by the professional firms as well as improve in the level of consistency of accounting practices as well as control over environments at the same time (Arens et al. 2016). Completeness of liabilities- Billabong International Limited faces risk from liabilities as their provisions have been incorrectly treated as contingent liabilities (William, Glover and Prawitt 2016). Asian markets modestly higher as risk aversion eases. Here, Billabong International Limited reports a new loss for the financial year 2017 because their underlying earnings missed its guidance range. The brand name (Billabong International Limited) shares remain unchanged (Eilifsen et al. 2013). Completeness of revenue- This risk is faced by Billabong International Limited where the entity being audited has considerable cash sales that was difficult to manage by the company (Billabongbiz.com 2017). Billabong International Limited restructured E-commerce overhaul after NetSuite. It is noted that Billabong International Limited had broken up the core components of its omni-channnel that in real handed the pieces to separate software providers after ditching its first attempt with NetSuite (Cohen and Simnett 2014). References Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J., Beasley, M.S. and Hogan, C.E., 2016.Auditing and assurance services. Pearson. Billabongbiz.com. 2017.Billabong Biz : Behind the Brand - Investors - Investors Home. [online] Available at: https://www.billabongbiz.com [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. Cohen, J.R. and Simnett, R., 2014. CSR and assurance services: A research agenda.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.59-74. Editorial, R. 2017.Stock Quote News - Stock Market Quotes, Online Stock Quotes, India. [online] IN. Available at: https://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/BBG.AX/key-developments/article/3663501 [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017]. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: Assurance and risk. Taylor Francis. Louwers, T.J., Ramsay, R.J., Sinason, D.H., Strawser, J.R. and Thibodeau, J.C., 2015.Auditing assurance services. McGraw-Hill Education. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(3), pp.1-32. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Environment and Development for Economic Growth

Question: Discuss about the Environment and Development for Economic Growth. Answer: The 21st century is marked by the struggle to attain continuous economic development for the developing countries and the final phase of economic growth for the developed nations. This effort to achieve economic growth has led to high mass consumption, which has an enormous effect on the environment (Dixon, Scura, Carpenter Sherman, 2013). This quest for economic growth has thus become a concern to the environmentalists and has led to a critical question, "Is there a possibility of economic development without environmental harm?" The research, therefore, will seek to investigate this issue and establish a position. To achieve this objective, research will use factual evidence and statistics. Besides, the study will give a conclusion and postulate recommendations. Economic development is the sustainable increase of a country's productive prospective. Fundamentally a country's economic growth is measured in terms growth in per capita income and its productive ability. As a consequence, global economic ranking is based on GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the economic development pointers like industrial growth rate (Pearce, Barbier Markandya, 2013). Economic growth is dependent on the growth of the industries which are supplied with raw material from the environment. The main aim of such industries is the economic growth and improvement of living standard of people. In fact, such industries are not concerned with improvement of the environment. It is explicit that the rapid expansion of industries globally has led to massive damage to the environment because these industries rely on the natural resources found in the environment to operate (Tietenberg Lewis, 2016). The world economy is, therefore, facing critical challenges related to environm ental depletion. Economic development and environment preservation are two interconnected realities which are not contradictory. However, economic development has severe effects on the environment (Baek Kim, 2013). Significance of the Research The relationship between environment and the economic development is a relevant topic because governments and entrepreneurs globally are seeking on how to strike a balance between the two to ensure sustainable development. Besides, the research will create a deeper understanding on contentious issues like recycling policy, climate change policy, and nuclear power policy. The research will also inform the public on how some economic activities and policies affect environment. Economic analysis of the developing countries will help in understanding whether environment hinder economic prosperity (Miller, Kim Holmes, 2015). This analysis will further understanding on themes such as inequality and poverty in the developing countries. Similarly, the research will establish a link between renewable and exhaustible resources and production and how they contribute to either environmental degradation or economic development. Investigation to this critical question is thus fundamental for form ulation of developmental strategies and for developing countries. Background of the Problem The link between economic development and the environment has been, is, and will continue as a contentious issue. The issue has remained controversial because of the divergent schools of thought. One school of thought holds that failing to deal with global warming, emerging pollution challenges, and the surging population in developing countries are grave environmental challenges. On the other hand, another school of thought believes that improvement of living standards through technological advancement and industrial expansions are essential marks of economic growth which has no impact on the environment. These opinions though not inconsistent, call for a deeper exploration of the link between economic development and the environment (Pettinger, 2014). Furthermore sustainable economic development has been adopted as a political agenda globally since the link between economic growth and environment was recognized. Evolution of this idea can thus be attributed to three specific international conferences. Which include; The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002, The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, and The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 (Baek Kim, 2013). The recommendations of these conferences form the core of this idea. Varied schools of thought have thus given different definitions of sustainable economic development. The most agreed definition is sustainable economic development as progress that caters for the needs of the people without interfering with the environment. However, this understanding of sustainable economic development has metamorphosed as result of diverse opinions on this topic. Importantly, all t hese school of thought agree that sustainable economic development should happen in a friendly environment. Bibliography Atkinson, G., Dietz, S., Neumayer, E., Agarwala, M. (Eds.). (2014). Handbook of sustainable development. Edward Elgar Publishing. Baek, J., Kim, H. S. (2013). Is economic growth good or bad for the environment? Empirical evidence from Korea. Energy Economics, 36, 744-749. Boj, J., Mler, K. G., Unemo, L. (2013). Environment and development: an economic approach (Vol. 6). Springer Science Business Media. Castiglione, C., Infante, D., Smirnova, J. (2015). Environment and economic growth: is the rule of law the go-between? The case of high-income countries. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 5(1), 26. Eriksson, C. (2013). Economic Growth and the Environment: An Introduction to the Theory. Oxford University Press. Lewis, W. A. (2013). Theory of economic growth (Vol. 7). Routledge. Motel, P. C., Choumert, J., Minea, A., Sterner, T. (2014). Explorations in the Environment- Development dilemma. Environmental and Resource Economics, 57(4), 479. Rodrik, D. (2014). The past, present, and future of economic growth. Challenge, 57(3), 5-39. Schurr, S. H. (2013). Energy, economic growth, and the environment (Vol. 7). Routledge. Uddin, G. A. (2016). Population changes and implications for economic growth and the environment in Australia (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern Queensland). Yang, J., Zhang, Y., Meng, Y. (2015). Study on the impact of economic growth and financial development on the environment in China. J Syst Sci Inf, 3(4), 334-347. Baek, J., Kim, H. S. (2013). Is economic growth good or bad for the environment? Empirical evidence from Korea. Energy Economics, 36, 744-749. Dixon, J., Scura, L., Carpenter, R., Sherman, P. (2013). Economic analysis of environmental impacts. Routledge. Miller, T., Kim, A. B., Holmes, K. (2015). 2015 Index of economic Freedom. Washington DC: The Heritage Foundation. Pearce, D., Barbier, E., Markandya, A. (2013). Sustainable development: economics and environment in the Third World. Routledge. Pettinger, T. (2014). ECONOMIC: Helping To Simplify Economics. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/11516/environment/economic-system-environment/. Tietenberg, T. H., Lewis, L. (2016). Environmental and natural resource economics.